This proposal describes the Government of Indonesia-UNICEF Water and Environmental Sanitation (WES) programme for the current country programme 2006 – 2010, of which a major part is still unfunded. The programme builds on the government’s National Policy for Development of Community-based Water Supply and Environmental Sanitation and will support the GoI, NGOs and communities to accelerate improvements in the WES sector, aiming at achieving “Target 10” of the MDGs: “Halve, by 2015, the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation”. This remains an enormous challenge in Indonesia, where still about 50 million and 100 million people are without access to improved water respectively sanitation